Coreopsis Flowers Sunrise Park

As spring finally comes to a close, the season for our dearly beloved cherry blossoms, azaleas, yuchaes, and all of the other spring flowers have sadly ended too. If your heart is saddened because you think the blazing summer sun can’t produce anything besides sweat and heat strokes, then I have some great news that will once again bring joy into your life. Have you ever seen the coreopsis flowers in Sunrise Park?  For reasons unknown, this area doesn’t attract a lot of visitors, but because I’m so kind and lovely, I’ll leak some information about this hidden gem right here in our city!

Sunrise Park located in the Dong-gu region of the city is overflowing with gorgeous golden coreopsis flowers this time of year. You don’t have to worry about the scorching sun causing these flowers to wither away. Coreopsis actually thrive in warm, sunny environments and last all throughout the summer, which makes them the perfect flower for hot places like Daegu.

Get off at Dongchon Resort Exit 2, Sunrise Park is located on the other side of the Geumhogang River so you have to cross the bridge to get there.  In case you’re also interested in bicycling along the river, there is a bike rental station right next to the train station exit. 

Sunrise Park is located on top of the hill on the other side of the river.  There are two ways to get there after crossing the bridge: taking the short route up by hiking up straight up the steep hill, or taking the longer way by walking around the hill and then entering on the other side with a much gentler incline. Walking around the hill and entering the park from the other side does indeed take more time, but I would argue this way is better because it is the more scenic route allowing you to stroll along the river a bit longer. 

Finally, you can see the stairway leading up to the park. 

At last, you’re here!  Behold, the magnificent coreopsis flowers in full bloom.

After finally witnessing the grand beauty of this park, I’m sure you are in love. Keep your eyes peeled for bees and wasp  though, they adore flowers even more than you do.

Now that you know about this little treasure trove here in Daegu, it is up to you to decide whether you want to keep this place one of our city’s best kept secrets or spread the message and help make Sunrise Park a hotspot. The choice is yours, but you definitely need to stop staring at these pictures of the flowers on your screen and go see it for yourself! 

■  Date: Late May – early June

■  Location: Dongchon Sunrise Park 해맞이 공원

■  Address: 212-2, Hyomok-dong, Dong-gu, Daegu, Korea

■  KR Address: 대구광역시 동구 효목동 212-2

 

Exploring A Famous Temple in Daegu, Donghwasa

Donghwasa Temple

A Temple of Paulownia Blossoms, Donghwasa

Nestled in the Dohak-dong Valley and surrounded by Pokpo-gol, Bindae-gol, and Susut-gol Valleys, Donghwasa Temple is a time-honored temple from the Silla Dynasty. It was originally built by Monk Geukdal (Geukdalhwasang) in 493 AD, the 15th year of King Soji’s reign of Silla. It was originally called Yugasa Temple (유가사). It was renamed by Priest Simji (Simjiwangsa) in 832 AD during the reign of King Heungdeok. Inspired by the beauty of the Paulownia trees, locally known as odong namu (오동나무), surrounding the place, Priest Simji renamed the temple Donghwasa (동화사) which means “Paulownia Blossom Temple.”

Being one of the most popular temples in Daegu, I have heard a lot about Donghwasa Temple and I have been wanting to visit it.

Exploring Donghwasa Temple

On May 16th, I finally found myself on the Daegu City Tour bus heading to the temple!

With Buddha’s Birthday around the corner, the road leading to the temple is adorned with colorful lotus lanterns.

Since Donghwamun is still closed, due to the on-going construction of the road, we entered the temple through the Bonghwangmun.

Donghwasa Temple’s Iljumun

After receiving our admission tickets, we walked towards the One Pillar Gate (Iljumun)) which is located right next to the parking area. Before reaching the gate, an image of a seated Buddha surrounded by clouds neatly carved on the rock on the side of the road caught my attention. The carved image is believed to have been made by Priest Simji using a chisel. Priest Simji successfully made the seated Buddha look as if it is smiling tenderly to every temple visitor that passes by.

Seated Buddha Image in front of Iljumun

A few minutes walk from the One Pillar Gate, we found the Information Map of the temple.

Surrounded by the lush green trees, we continued walking on the concrete path, enjoying the sound of the water rushing down the nearby creek. It was so refreshing!

Colorful lanterns along the path leading to the temple

Then before we knew it, we reached this intimidating flight of stairs called 108 Gyedan (108게단) because it has 108 steps. We were all catching our breath when we reached the top.

Baek Pal Gyedan (동화사 108계단)

After catching our breath, we climbed another flight of stairs to the left, a shorter one.. It lead us to the Tongil-daejeon Hall. In front of the Tongil-daejeon Hall is a gigantic Buddha statue called Tongil-daebul Buddha Statue. Completed in 1992, Tongil-daebul Buddha Statue (The Unification Buddha) stands 33-meters high and is 16.5-meters round. It is apparently the largest Buddha Statue in Asia. It is considered as one of the main attractions at Donghwasa Temple.

The Unification Buddha Statue

On the right of the statue, there is a passage way leading to the Buddhist Culture Center. The Buddhist Culture Center is like a tunnel with many rooms. One of the sections was made into a meditation hall which was made to replicate a forest scene with a large rock that has a flat surface and trees. It really made me feel like I was in the forest listening to the bubbly sound of the water flowing and the birds chirping. There was also a room with beautiful paintings and gold and bronze carved images related to Korean Zen Buddhist Culture.

A meditation room at Donghwasa Buddhist Culture Center

Beautiful paintings displayed inside the Buddhist Culture Center

Continuing our exploration of Donghwa Temple, we headed towards the Daeungjeon Main Worship Hall.  On the way, we passed by the Bongseoru Pavilion. Bongseoru Pavilion signifies a phoenix with its tail flowing downward. The rock in the middle of the stairs is the tail and round stones symbolize the phoenix’s eggs.

Phoenix sculpture in front of Bongseoru Pavilion

Vibrantly colored lanterns added beauty to the already beautiful pavilion.

We climbed the Pavilion Stairs (Nugak Gyedan) and were greeted by even more lanterns in front of the Daeungjeon Hall.

Colorful lanterns in front of Daeungjeon Hall

Daeungjeon Hall is believed to have been built between 1727 and 1732, using twisted trees as pillars. Daeungjeon Hall is a three kan (section) wide and three kan (section) long building. It possesses natural beauty. It enshrines the Amitabha Buddha (Amitabul), Shakyamuni Buddha (Seokgamonibul), and Pharmaceutical Buddha (Yaksayeoraebul).

Yet Sunrye Gil, Donghwasa’s Old Pilgrimage Trail

After exploring the temple, we headed back to the parking area. But instead of taking the concrete path again, our tour guide led us to the Old Pilgrimage Trail of Donghwasa (Donghwasa Yet Sunrye Gil). The head of the trail starts from the side of the path leading to Donghwamun Gate. It runs through the thick forest and along the creek. Walking on this trail did not only allow me to enjoy the greenness of nature but also the soothing sound of the water from the creek.  The gentle forest breeze and the subtle fragrant of nature was so refreshing.

Heading down the Old Donghwasa Pilgrimage Trail

While approaching the wooden bridge, I imagined how beautiful that place could be in autumn when all the green leaves turn yellow, orange and red. I was really glad our tour guide introduced us to that hidden gorgeous trail. If you visit Donghwasa with your friends, I highly recommend taking this trail on your way back.

A beautiful wooden bridge over the creek

The Creek

 How to Get to Donghwasa

Option 1: Join Daegu City Tour Theme Course: Palgongsan Course. You can reserve online and pay on-site. It costs 5,000 won. The admission fee at Donghwasa is not included. The tour bus departs at Sinnam Station Exit 2 and Dongdaegu Station. Visit www.daegucitytour.com for more details.

Option 2: Take a city bus from Dongdaegu Station or Subway Line 1: Ayanggyo Station Exit 2, get on Express 1 (Geuphaeng 급행1) and get off at Donghwagyo Stop. Turn right and walk straight until you reach the ticketing booth. Purchase your admission ticket and just follow the concrete road going up.

*Tip: Keep your ticket. You can use it to get a 2,500 won discount when you take the Palgongsan Cable Car.

Tourist Information

Destination: Donghwasa Temple (동화사)

Address: 1, Donghwasa 1-gil, Dong-gu, Daegu (대구 동구 동화사1길1)

Website: www.donghwasa.net (Korean Only)

Telephone #: +82539850980

PART 1. LANTERN DISPLAY and OTHER EVENTS

LANTERN DISPLAY: A GLIMPSE OF INNER PEACE

Buddhism was first introduced in South Korea when a Chinese monk was invited to the northern Kingdom of Koguryo, way back in 372 A.D. During that time, Shamanism was still the indigenous religion of South Korea. Since Buddhism showed no threat or internal conflict with Shamanism, it was accepted by the locals and they were able to blend the two religions, which makes the foundation of Buddhism in South Korea different from other Buddhist countries.

I've been staying in South Korea for three years now and it's no surprise to see several tens of thousands temples across the country. What surprises me is the fact that almost half of Korean population doesn't have a religion but they know how to respect each other despite having their own differences. Another thing that surprises me is how they celebrate Buddha's birthday in South Korea.

  

  Here are some of the many lanterns that were displayed in the venue.

They commemorate Buddha's birthday through a traditional festival called Gwandeung or Lantern Festival. This custom was passed down by Shilla dynasty to Dalgubeol, Daegu which took place in 1967. Until today, Koreans celebrate the lantern festival where lanterns are lighted and hung for Buddha's birthday.

  

For this year, Buddha's birthday falls on the 22nd of May, 2018 which is a public holiday as it is a widely celebrated holiday in South Korea. The annual schedule for the Dalgubeol Lantern Festival in Dague was held from 16th - 19th of May, 2018. Even if my religion is Christianity, it is a great opportunity for me to witness and experience Buddhist culture for the first time. Right after my work, I rushed down to see the lantern displays in Kolon Open Air Music Hall (대구 코오롱 야외음악당) in Duryu Park.

These lanterns are your friendly guides and will lead you to the venue after swiping your card out of the station.

There were cultural performances which started at 18:00 and at the same time, there were choirs from Daegu North Gyeongsan Buddhist Federation who participated in this festival. I honestly don't remember how many choirs sung as there were too many of them. The sound of their voices were in a complete harmony and very relaxing to hear. I enjoyed all of their performances.

These photos are just few choirs from Daegu North Gyeongsan Buddhist Federation who performed during the festival.

After watching the choirs, I proceeded to the tents to explore the activities they offer for the visitors. Aside for the tent of information center where you can get the schedule of programs and activities, there were two alleys of tents: one is for the activities and the other is for food, drinks, herbs and other handmade things that were sold by the vendors.

Some of the street food that you can enjoy in the area such as sausages, corn dogs, chicken popcorn, barbeque and fruit juices or smoothies.

Each tent offers a variety of cultural activities and some of them were free such as henna tattoo, drawing for your pins, coloring for kids, lotus flower paper art making, customized post cards, etc. They also have an activity where you can paint a lotus flower on either a handkerchief for 2,000 KRW or a wooden plate for 8,000 KRW and in another tent they offer a DIY (do-it-yourself) beaded bracelet for only 1,000 KRW.

I had a free henna tattoo with a lotus flower design. You have an option to choose as to which part of your body you want it placed.

 

I also tried making a post card and to my surprise, I’m actually good with calligraphy.

My favorite part wass creating the hanging paper lotus flower. The person in charge gave me 28 pieces of paper cut in triangular shape. You have to fold the paper in different ways to create the final output and paste the paper altogether to make this beautiful product. I really had so much fun doing it for the first time and I’d highly  recommend it to others..

Even if I was the only foreigner in the event, I didn't feel alone as I was preoccupied with the activities during the festival and it was a very peaceful event and the weather was also good. I had so much fun learning another culture of South Korea as I know that Buddhism is also an important part of Korean roots. This festival is a great way to immerse yourself with Korean customary and if you missed it, don't worry, there's an upcoming sky lantern festival or the merrymaking festival that will be held this Saturday - 19th of May, 2018. See you there!

PART 2. SKY LANTERN & LANTERN PERADE

Witnessing the Colorful Dalgubeol Lantern Festival

Hyeong-hyeong Saek-saek Dalgubeol Lantern Festival (형형색색달구벌관등놀이) is probably Korea’s best late spring festival.  It is held in Daegu annually to commemorate Buddha’s Birthday.

For those who are wondering why it is called Dalgubeol (달구벌) Lantern Festival, Dalgubeol was the ancient name of Daegu. Hyeong-hyeong Saek-saek Dalgubeol Lantern Festival (형형색색달구벌관등놀이) literally means Merry-making at the Colorful Daegu Lantern Festival.

This year’s lantern festival was held from May 16th ~ 19th. The highlights of the Dalgubeol Lantern Festival are the releasing of the wish lanterns to the sky or Sowon Pungdeung Nalligi (소원 풍등 날리기) and the Daegu Lotus Lantern Parade or the Dalgubeol Yeondeung Haengnyeol (달구벌 연등 행렬). These two events attracted not only Korean spectators but non-Koreans as well. There were some people who even traveled from their home country just to witness the colorful events.

In que for free tickets

Though the program started around 6:00 PM, people started coming earlier in the morning, especially the ones who were not able to purchase the tickets online. 

Even those who were able to purchase the tickets for the yellow and pink sections came ahead of time in order to choose the best spots when the gate opens.

Sowon Pungdeung Nalligi

People started filling the baseball stadium

After a few hours of waiting, the program started. There were performances and ceremonies on stage.

Audience enjoying the performance

Then when it started to get dark, the countdown started and the colorful lanterns started floating to the sky.

Up to the sky, the lanterns go

It was beyond beautiful! The moment was so mesmerizing. Many described that awe-inspiring moment as something like a scene from the movie, “Tangled.”

':"vimeo"===f.type?c='':"vzaar"===f.type&&(c=''),a('

'+c+"

").insertAfter(e.find(".owl-video")),this._playing=e.addClass("owl-video-playing"))},e.prototype.isInFullScreen=function(){var b=c.fullscreenElement||c.mozFullScreenElement||c.webkitFullscreenElement;return b&&a(b).parent().hasClass("owl-video-frame")},e.prototype.destroy=function(){var a,b;this._core.$element.off("click.owl.video");for(a in this._handlers)this._core.$element.off(a,this._handlers[a]);for(b in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[b]&&(this[b]=null)},a.fn.owlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.Video=e}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(a,b,c,d){var e=function(b){this.core=b,this.core.options=a.extend({},e.Defaults,this.core.options),this.swapping=!0,this.previous=d,this.next=d,this.handlers={"change.owl.carousel":a.proxy(function(a){a.namespace&&"position"==a.property.name&&(this.previous=this.core.current(),this.next=a.property.value)},this),"drag.owl.carousel dragged.owl.carousel translated.owl.carousel":a.proxy(function(a){a.namespace&&(this.swapping="translated"==a.type)},this),"translate.owl.carousel":a.proxy(function(a){a.namespace&&this.swapping&&(this.core.options.animateOut||this.core.options.animateIn)&&this.swap()},this)},this.core.$element.on(this.handlers)};e.Defaults={animateOut:!1,animateIn:!1},e.prototype.swap=function(){if(1===this.core.settings.items&&a.support.animation&&a.support.transition){this.core.speed(0);var b,c=a.proxy(this.clear,this),d=this.core.$stage.children().eq(this.previous),e=this.core.$stage.children().eq(this.next),f=this.core.settings.animateIn,g=this.core.settings.animateOut;this.core.current()!==this.previous&&(g&&(b=this.core.coordinates(this.previous)-this.core.coordinates(this.next),d.one(a.support.animation.end,c).css({left:b+"px"}).addClass("animated owl-animated-out").addClass(g)),f&&e.one(a.support.animation.end,c).addClass("animated owl-animated-in").addClass(f))}},e.prototype.clear=function(b){a(b.target).css({left:""}).removeClass("animated owl-animated-out owl-animated-in").removeClass(this.core.settings.animateIn).removeClass(this.core.settings.animateOut),this.core.onTransitionEnd()},e.prototype.destroy=function(){var a,b;for(a in this.handlers)this.core.$element.off(a,this.handlers[a]);for(b in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[b]&&(this[b]=null)}, a.fn.owlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.Animate=e}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(a,b,c,d){var e=function(b){this._core=b,this._timeout=null,this._paused=!1,this._handlers={"changed.owl.carousel":a.proxy(function(a){a.namespace&&"settings"===a.property.name?this._core.settings.autoplay?this.play():this.stop():a.namespace&&"position"===a.property.name&&this._core.settings.autoplay&&this._setAutoPlayInterval()},this),"initialized.owl.carousel":a.proxy(function(a){a.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoplay&&this.play()},this),"play.owl.autoplay":a.proxy(function(a,b,c){a.namespace&&this.play(b,c)},this),"stop.owl.autoplay":a.proxy(function(a){a.namespace&&this.stop()},this),"mouseover.owl.autoplay":a.proxy(function(){this._core.settings.autoplayHoverPause&&this._core.is("rotating")&&this.pause()},this),"mouseleave.owl.autoplay":a.proxy(function(){this._core.settings.autoplayHoverPause&&this._core.is("rotating")&&this.play()},this),"touchstart.owl.core":a.proxy(function(){this._core.settings.autoplayHoverPause&&this._core.is("rotating")&&this.pause()},this),"touchend.owl.core":a.proxy(function(){this._core.settings.autoplayHoverPause&&this.play()},this)},this._core.$element.on(this._handlers),this._core.options=a.extend({},e.Defaults,this._core.options)};e.Defaults={autoplay:!1,autoplayTimeout:5e3,autoplayHoverPause:!1,autoplaySpeed:!1},e.prototype.play=function(a,b){this._paused=!1,this._core.is("rotating")||(this._core.enter("rotating"),this._setAutoPlayInterval())},e.prototype._getNextTimeout=function(d,e){return this._timeout&&b.clearTimeout(this._timeout),b.setTimeout(a.proxy(function(){this._paused||this._core.is("busy")||this._core.is("interacting")||c.hidden||this._core.next(e||this._core.settings.autoplaySpeed)},this),d||this._core.settings.autoplayTimeout)},e.prototype._setAutoPlayInterval=function(){this._timeout=this._getNextTimeout()},e.prototype.stop=function(){this._core.is("rotating")&&(b.clearTimeout(this._timeout),this._core.leave("rotating"))},e.prototype.pause=function(){this._core.is("rotating")&&(this._paused=!0)},e.prototype.destroy=function(){var a,b;this.stop();for(a in this._handlers)this._core.$element.off(a,this._handlers[a]);for(b in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[b]&&(this[b]=null)},a.fn.owlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.autoplay=e}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(a,b,c,d){"use strict";var e=function(b){this._core=b,this._initialized=!1,this._pages=[],this._controls={},this._templates=[],this.$element=this._core.$element,this._overrides={next:this._core.next,prev:this._core.prev,to:this._core.to},this._handlers={"prepared.owl.carousel":a.proxy(function(b){b.namespace&&this._core.settings.dotsData&&this._templates.push('

'+a(b.content).find("[data-dot]").addBack("[data-dot]").attr("data-dot")+"

")},this),"added.owl.carousel":a.proxy(function(a){a.namespace&&this._core.settings.dotsData&&this._templates.splice(a.position,0,this._templates.pop())},this),"remove.owl.carousel":a.proxy(function(a){a.namespace&&this._core.settings.dotsData&&this._templates.splice(a.position,1)},this),"changed.owl.carousel":a.proxy(function(a){a.namespace&&"position"==a.property.name&&this.draw()},this),"initialized.owl.carousel":a.proxy(function(a){a.namespace&&!this._initialized&&(this._core.trigger("initialize",null,"navigation"),this.initialize(),this.update(),this.draw(),this._initialized=!0,this._core.trigger("initialized",null,"navigation"))},this),"refreshed.owl.carousel":a.proxy(function(a){a.namespace&&this._initialized&&(this._core.trigger("refresh",null,"navigation"),this.update(),this.draw(),this._core.trigger("refreshed",null,"navigation"))},this)},this._core.options=a.extend({},e.Defaults,this._core.options),this.$element.on(this._handlers)};e.Defaults={nav:!1,navText:["prev","next"],navSpeed:!1,navElement:"div",navContainer:!1,navContainerClass:"owl-nav",navClass:["owl-prev","owl-next"],slideBy:1,dotClass:"owl-dot",dotsClass:"owl-dots",dots:!0,dotsEach:!1,dotsData:!1,dotsSpeed:!1,dotsContainer:!1},e.prototype.initialize=function(){var b,c=this._core.settings;this._controls.$relative=(c.navContainer?a(c.navContainer):a("

").addClass(c.navContainerClass).appendTo(this.$element)).addClass("disabled"),this._controls.$previous=a("<"+c.navElement+">").addClass(c.navClass[0]).html(c.navText[0]).prependTo(this._controls.$relative).on("click",a.proxy(function(a){this.prev(c.navSpeed)},this)),this._controls.$next=a("<"+c.navElement+">").addClass(c.navClass[1]).html(c.navText[1]).appendTo(this._controls.$relative).on("click",a.proxy(function(a){this.next(c.navSpeed)},this)),c.dotsData||(this._templates=[a("

").addClass(c.dotClass).append(a("")).prop("outerHTML")]),this._controls.$absolute=(c.dotsContainer?a(c.dotsContainer):a("

").addClass(c.dotsClass).appendTo(this.$element)).addClass("disabled"),this._controls.$absolute.on("click","div",a.proxy(function(b){var d=a(b.target).parent().is(this._controls.$absolute)?a(b.target).index():a(b.target).parent().index();b.preventDefault(),this.to(d,c.dotsSpeed)},this));for(b in this._overrides)this._core[b]=a.proxy(this[b],this)},e.prototype.destroy=function(){var a,b,c,d;for(a in this._handlers)this.$element.off(a,this._handlers[a]);for(b in this._controls)this._controls[b].remove();for(d in this.overides)this._core[d]=this._overrides[d];for(c in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[c]&&(this[c]=null)},e.prototype.update=function(){var a,b,c,d=this._core.clones().length/2,e=d+this._core.items().length,f=this._core.maximum(!0),g=this._core.settings,h=g.center||g.autoWidth||g.dotsData?1:g.dotsEach||g.items;if("page"!==g.slideBy&&(g.slideBy=Math.min(g.slideBy,g.items)),g.dots||"page"==g.slideBy)for(this._pages=[],a=d,b=0,c=0;a=h||0===b){if(this._pages.push({start:Math.min(f,a-d),end:a-d+h-1}),Math.min(f,a-d)===f)break;b=0,++c}b+=this._core.mergers(this._core.relative(a))}},e.prototype.draw=function(){var b,c=this._core.settings,d=this._core.items().length<=c.items,e=this._core.relative(this._core.current()),f=c.loop||c.rewind;this._controls.$relative.toggleClass("disabled",!c.nav||d),c.nav&&(this._controls.$previous.toggleClass("disabled",!f&&e<=this._core.minimum(!0)),this._controls.$next.toggleClass("disabled",!f&&e>=this._core.maximum(!0))),this._controls.$absolute.toggleClass("disabled",!c.dots||d),c.dots&&(b=this._pages.length-this._controls.$absolute.children().length,c.dotsData&&0!==b?this._controls.$absolute.html(this._templates.join("")):b>0?this._controls.$absolute.append(new Array(b+1).join(this._templates[0])):b<0&&this._controls.$absolute.children().slice(b).remove(),this._controls.$absolute.find(".active").removeClass("active"),this._controls.$absolute.children().eq(a.inArray(this.current(),this._pages)).addClass("active"))},e.prototype.onTrigger=function(b){var c=this._core.settings;b.page={index:a.inArray(this.current(),this._pages),count:this._pages.length,size:c&&(c.center||c.autoWidth||c.dotsData?1:c.dotsEach||c.items)}},e.prototype.current=function(){var b=this._core.relative(this._core.current());return a.grep(this._pages,a.proxy(function(a,c){return a.start<=b&&a.end>=b},this)).pop()},e.prototype.getPosition=function(b){var c,d,e=this._core.settings;return"page"==e.slideBy?(c=a.inArray(this.current(),this._pages),d=this._pages.length,b?++c:--c,c=this._pages[(c%d+d)%d].start):(c=this._core.relative(this._core.current()),d=this._core.items().length,b?c+=e.slideBy:c-=e.slideBy),c},e.prototype.next=function(b){a.proxy(this._overrides.to,this._core)(this.getPosition(!0),b)},e.prototype.prev=function(b){a.proxy(this._overrides.to,this._core)(this.getPosition(!1),b)},e.prototype.to=function(b,c,d){var e;!d&&this._pages.length?(e=this._pages.length,a.proxy(this._overrides.to,this._core)(this._pages[(b%e+e)%e].start,c)):a.proxy(this._overrides.to,this._core)(b,c)},a.fn.owlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.Navigation=e}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(a,b,c,d){"use strict";var e=function(c){this._core=c,this._hashes={},this.$element=this._core.$element,this._handlers={"initialized.owl.carousel":a.proxy(function(c){c.namespace&&"URLHash"===this._core.settings.startPosition&&a(b).trigger("hashchange.owl.navigation")},this),"prepared.owl.carousel":a.proxy(function(b){if(b.namespace){var c=a(b.content).find("[data-hash]").addBack("[data-hash]").attr("data-hash");if(!c)return;this._hashes[c]=b.content}},this),"changed.owl.carousel":a.proxy(function(c){if(c.namespace&&"position"===c.property.name){var d=this._core.items(this._core.relative(this._core.current())),e=a.map(this._hashes,function(a,b){return a===d?b:null}).join();if(!e||b.location.hash.slice(1)===e)return;b.location.hash=e}},this)},this._core.options=a.extend({},e.Defaults,this._core.options),this.$element.on(this._handlers),a(b).on("hashchange.owl.navigation",a.proxy(function(a){var c=b.location.hash.substring(1),e=this._core.$stage.children(),f=this._hashes[c]&&e.index(this._hashes[c]);f!==d&&f!==this._core.current()&&this._core.to(this._core.relative(f),!1,!0)},this))};e.Defaults={URLhashListener:!1},e.prototype.destroy=function(){var c,d;a(b).off("hashchange.owl.navigation");for(c in this._handlers)this._core.$element.off(c,this._handlers[c]);for(d in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[d]&&(this[d]=null)},a.fn.owlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.Hash=e}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(a,b,c,d){function e(b,c){var e=!1,f=b.charAt(0).toUpperCase()+b.slice(1);return a.each((b+" "+h.join(f+" ")+f).split(" "),function(a,b){if(g[b]!==d)return e=!c||b,!1}),e}function f(a){return e(a,!0)}var g=a("").get(0).style,h="Webkit Moz O ms".split(" "),i={transition:{end:{WebkitTransition:"webkitTransitionEnd",MozTransition:"transitionend",OTransition:"oTransitionEnd",transition:"transitionend"}},animation:{end:{WebkitAnimation:"webkitAnimationEnd",MozAnimation:"animationend",OAnimation:"oAnimationEnd",animation:"animationend"}}},j={csstransforms:function(){return!!e("transform")},csstransforms3d:function(){return!!e("perspective")},csstransitions:function(){return!!e("transition")},cssanimations:function(){return!!e("animation")}};j.csstransitions()&&(a.support.transition=new String(f("transition")),a.support.transition.end=i.transition.end[a.support.transition]),j.cssanimations()&&(a.support.animation=new String(f("animation")),a.support.animation.end=i.animation.end[a.support.animation]),j.csstransforms()&&(a.support.transform=new String(f("transform")),a.support.transform3d=j.csstransforms3d())}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document); /*]]>*/